a b c d e f Qian, Gonglin (2004). Chinese fans: artistry and aesthetics. San Francisco: Long River Press. ISBN 978-1-59265-020-0. OCLC 867778328. There were many kinds of fans in ancient China. [3] The Chinese character for "fan" ( 扇) is etymologically composed of the characters for "door" ( 戶) and "feather" ( 羽). Historically, fans have played an important aspect in the life of the Chinese people. [4] The Chinese have used hand-held fans as a way to relieve themselves during hot days since the ancient times; the fans are also an embodiment of the wisdom of Chinese culture and art. [5] They were also used for ceremonial and ritual purposes [6] and as a sartorial accessory when wearing hanfu. [4] They were also carriers of Chinese traditional arts and literature and were representative of its user's personal aesthetic sense and their social status. [6] Specific concepts of status and gender were associated with types of fans in Chinese history, but generally folding fans were reserved for males while rigid fans were for females. The best handheld fans you can buy in 2023 1. Halfords Simply Motorised Handheld Fan: Best petite fan

a b Verschuer, Charlotte von (2006). Across the perilous sea: Japanese trade with China and Korea from the seventh to the sixteenth centuries. Cornell University. p.72. ISBN 1-933947-03-9. Another Japanese creation enjoyed great success among foreigners: the folding fans. It was invented in Japan in the eighth or ninth century, when only round and fixed (uchiwa) fans made of palm leaves were known. -- their usage had spread throughout China in antiquity. Two types of folding fans developed: one was made of cypress-wood blades bound by a thread (hiogi); the other had a frame with fewer blades which was covered in Japanese paper and folded in a zigzag patterns (kawahori-ogi). "The paper fan was described by a thirteenth-century Chinese author, but well before that date Chōnen had offered twenty wooden-bladed fans and two paper fans to the emperor of China."Alexander, Helene & Hovinga-Van Eijsden, Fransje. A Touch of Dutch - Fans from the Royal House of Orange-Nassau, The Fan Museum, February 2008, ISBN 0-9540319-5-4 Behnke, Alison (2003). Japan in pictures. Minneapolis, MN.: Lerner Publications Co. ISBN 0-8225-1956-9. OCLC 46991889. Find sources: "Hand fan"– news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( December 2020) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Buddhist Monks Ceremonial Fans". Thebuddhasface.co.uk. Archived from the original on April 23, 2013 . Retrieved 2017-10-27. In 1685 the Edict of Nantes was revoked in France. This caused large scale immigration from France to the surrounding Protestant countries (such as England) of many fan craftsmen. This dispersion in skill is reflected in the growing quality of many fans from these non-French countries after this date. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. In the 17th century the folding fan, and its attendant semiotic culture, were introduced from China and Japan. By the end of the 17th century, there were enormous imports of China folding in Europe due to its popularity and to a lesser extent, Japanese folding fans were also reaching Europe by that period. [4] Printed fan leaves and painted fans are done on a paper ground. The paper was originally handmade and displayed the characteristic watermarks. Machine-made paper fans, introduced in the 19th century, are smoother, with an even texture. Even today, geisha and maiko use folding fans in their fan dances as well.

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Fendel, Cynthia. Novelty Hand Fans, Fashionable Functional Fun Accessories of the Past. Hand Fan Productions, 2006 ISBN 978-0-9708852-1-0 Extras – Added features to look for in handheld fans include speed variations, lighting or even models with water misting options. How much should I spend? Find sources: "Hand fan"– news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( April 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. a b c d e f g Qian, Gonglin (2004). Chinese fans: artistry and aesthetics (1sted.). San Francisco: Long River Press. ISBN 1-59265-020-1. OCLC 52979000.